Civil Engineering Case Study - 1295 Words

Introduction The paper is aimed at identifying the definition of sustainability and studying several general principles relevant to civil engineering. A case study of the regeneration of Mossley Mill in Northern Ireland which covers the rebuilding and reuse technology will be given below for detailed research. This kind of technology is not only a typical solution which meets the concept of sustainability, but also a classical paradigm in the civil engineering area. It is further suggested that the case contains several principles which are the specific branches of the general principles. Also, as a contemporary development, the use and re-use of building and land related to the building are of significant meaning in maintaining†¦show more content†¦They have both defined sustainability in a more †engineering† way which might not be easy for ordinary people to understand. The main point they wanted to convey is that sustainability is changeable. Sustainability is not a rigid idea, it transforms from time to time along with the change in era and technology. To be sustainable, simply saving resources or even abandoning the usage of certain energy or raw materials helps a little. Since sustainability is a dynamic idea, solutions in different subjects should also be varied, and to some kind of degree, it is our engineers’ responsibility to build an ecosystem in a sustainable way. Developing new energy, using resources in a more efficient way and even changing the traditional transport can be all the concept that engineers should considerate about. It also satisfies the opinion that Thiele( 2016) has recently put in his book. He considers that to be sustainable does not mean people just have to survive in the long term, on the contrary, they should expand the idea and find more way in development, not simply in practicing situation and institution. It is argued that sustainability in the education to civil engineers is of vital meaning. Fenner and his colleagues(2014) argue that engineers should have the ability to respond to issues about the bad influence of the environment which has been done by human activities. The key factor is the growing up requirements fromShow MoreRelatedVinsun, An Indian Civil Engineering Company Case Study1427 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction With the significantly increasing demand of electrical and civil services of the country resulting from the urbanization of India, VINSUN, an Indian civil engineering company, has expanded rapidly to meet market demand. Due to the growth of the company, VINSUN has experienced problems, such as information overloading and lack of accessibility to data when needed; VINSUN needs a data management system to manage their business information. The existing information management system isRead MoreCivil Engineering : An Interdisciplinary Field Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesName Institution Course Instructor Date Civil Engineering Career My understanding of Civil Engineering and how it has evolved throughout the semester Civil engineering is an interdisciplinary field that deals in the design, construction and maintenance of the natural and physically built environment (Wong p.213). It entails the constructions works for roads, canals, dams, bridges, buildings and other forms of man-made infrastructure. Civil works are executed to improve the living standards ofRead MoreEssay on Civil Engineering at a Glance1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe career of a civil engineer is diminishing rapidly; however, more buildings and roads are being constructed. Becoming an engineer is not an easy task to complete. Many years of college and post-education training are required to gain the ability to be titled an engineer, especially a civil engineer. 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I chose this topic because I don’t really know that much about this profession and I thought it would be interesting to learn more about it. Civil engineers design, build, supervise, operate, and maintain construction projects and systems in the public and private sector. Some of these things include roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges and systems for water supply and sewage treatments. As a civil engineer, you could help build a school that could withstandRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society, Ecosystem, And Wellbeing Of People And Environments1488 Words   |  6 PagesUsually the individuals from the civil engineering profession are blamed for a mixture of occasions that have adverse consequences for society, ecosystem, and wellbeing of people and environments. Most civil engineering codes of ethics worldwide exhort engineers to consciously place the general public interest specially others. 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Contract Option For Eo Executive Compensation What Is It...

ISSUE: Issue #1: Initial contract exception for EO executive compensation – what is it generally, and what are the parameters? Issue #2: How does 990 Schedule J define â€Å"key employee?† Issue #3: What are the 33 principles of good governance listed by the independent section? Issue #4: Summarize General Information Letter 2002-21. CONCLUSION: Issue #1: The initial contract exception provides an exception from the excise tax imposes upon excess benefit transactions between disqualified persons and a tax-exempt organizations. Issue #2: A â€Å"key employee† is general someone who has certain responsibilities and receives over $150,000 in compensation from the organization and any related organization. (See below for complete explanation) Issue†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ â€Å"disqualified person† – any person in a position to exercise substantial influence over the affairs of the organization in the past five years, any family member of a disqualified person, and any entity controlled (35% or more voting power) by a disqualified person. The â€Å"Initial Contract Exception† provides that the excise tax does not apply to fixed payment made by an organization to a disqualified person pursuant to an initial contract. †¢ â€Å"initial contract† – a binding written contract between the organization and a person who was not a disqualified person immediately before entering the contract. o This does not apply if the contract can be terminated or cancelled by the organization without the disqualified person’s consent and there is no substantial penalty to the organization for the cancellation. o If a material change is made to the initial contract it will be treated as a new contract. †¢ â€Å"fixed payment† - an amount of cash or other property specified in the contract, or determined by a fixed formula specified in the contract, that is paid or transferred in exchange for the provision of specified services or property. †¢ This exception does not apply in a year unless the disqualified person substantially performs his or her obligations under the contract. Issue #2 – â€Å"key employee† definition To be considered a key employee, under Form 990, all the following four test/conditions must be met: (1) Employee is

Operations Management Supply Chain and Inventory

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Supply Chain and Inventory. Answer: The management of the inventory and purchasing in any organization is considered as the most tedious and time consuming task. The centralized approach among the firms and the coordinated aspects to exchange the views are considered on the highest priority. Similarly, Brisbane also holds the suitable inventory and the purchasing system in the well-defined manner. The Brisbane Outdoor Power location mainly operates from three main locations with the different holding authorities. The owner and the CEO of the organization was Donald Saxon. The three retail outlets are mentioned in three different years. In the year 1985, Mt.Gravatt centre (owned by Donald Saxon), Stratphine center in the year 2001 (owned by Belinda Green) and the Ipswich in the year 2004 (owned by Adam Conte). Being the CEO and major authority of the organization, Donald Saxon provides the authority for all the members to manage the major aspects related to the organization in the organized manner. In managing the operational aspects, Donald Saxon adapted the Laissez fair technique of the leadership in which he provides the individual rights of the owners to manage the aspects related to the purchasing and inventory. Though the support and the coordination among the organization is maintained by exchanging the views and supplying the products required but, the management aspects of managing all the three centers are totally different from each other. In short, the operational aspects (i.e. purchasing and management of the inventory) are not coordinated in the stable and well-defined manner. Apart from this, the other issue related to the purchasing and inventory management is also highlighted when Ms. Green takes over all the three subsidiaries of the Brisbane. She came up with the conclusion that no appropriate set of policies and procedures are followed by the CEO to manage the operational aspects and all things are going in vein by following the inappropriate system in the organization. In fact, the products related to the major brands are also available in the distorted manner. Some branches possess the other products and some holds the other type of varieties (Dominick, 2016). The execution of the process totally depends upon the trust and the satisfaction level of the customers. There is no integrated system identified for the development of the system in the organization and there is also a lack of concentration, introspection and coordination in the organization observed (Engel, 2011). In short, the inventory and purchasing system is not appropriate and all the aspects are unconnected with each other due to which the coordination is also lacking between all of them. Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages It is defined in the case study that the CEO of the organization doesnt follow any specific type of leadership processes in managing all the retail outlets of the Brisbane. This will directly create some positive and some negative impact on the existing process. In fact, the process itself shows some advantages and disadvantages while completing the actual scenario. In the case study, the CEO of the company is quite simple and doesnt follow any rules or the procedures to get success in the retail industry. This free nature and the different perspective of the CEO lead the company to both the negative and positive perspectives. As a professional consultant, the advantage which is identified in the organization with respect to the operational management are defined below: - The approaches from different individual regarding the management of the organization makes the organization stronger and the owners of the individual organization gets the opportunity to interchange their views in a separate manner. Due to three outlets of organization in Australia, the reputation of the organization and product also increases in front of the customers. All the three retail outlets are also capable providing the knowledgeable staff, high quality merchandise and the appropriate services to the customers. Apart from this, the stores are also operated in the autonomous manner, due to which the profit chances may also increase and the transfer of the products from one location to the other can be done in an easier manner (Aksoy Erenguc, 1988). Some of the disadvantages related to the process are also defined below in a suitable manner: - The SCM is not defined in the suitable manner due to which the product is losing its value in the international market (Hamlett, 2015). The inventory managers of all the stocks have their different approach related to the purchasing. Due to which, the exchange of purchasing process is not being managed in an appropriate manner. There are various issues related to the sustainability and the existence of the current system rising in the organization. By following all these advantages and disadvantages in the appropriate manner, the suitable aspects related to the inventory and purchasing can be identified appropriately. Supply Chain and Inventory Management Concept The concept of supply chain management is changeable all the time and the appropriate aspects are required for the process of improvement. There are various theories and forecasting approaches that are identified in the supply chain and inventory management concept by which the improvement of the existing process in the organization can be done on the large scale (Gonzalez-Loureiro Dabic, 2015). To manage the inventory, the suitable aspects related to the inventory control should be managed in the appropriate way so that, further aspects related to the inventory management can be improved in the progressive manner simultaneously. Firstly, the theories related to the inventory management are defined below which may help in increasing the efficiency and the financial aspects can also get improved with the help of these models (Ziukov, 2015). The models are categorized into two major types which are named as the One Item Model and Multi Item Models. The sub sections of these models are also found out which are defined with the help of the diagram and on the basis of the diagram, further explanation is defined on the individual level (Bottani, 2016). The One Item Models are considered as the innovative models which are further divided into the deterministic and stochastic type of model. The deterministic model is also divided into classical lot size, wagner within model and heuristic model. The Stochastic models have been divided to newsboy problem, the arrow harris marschak problem and hadley within the model. In this model, the stochastic model shows the indeterminate aspects related to the inventory and the purchasing aspect. But, the determinate or deterministic model will be helpful in improving the major aspects related to the appropriate and determinant constraint appropriately (Hadley Whitin, 2007). By the help of this model, the ideas to manage the efficiency of an existing system can be increased on the wide level. To maintain the adequate stock levels and to reduce the financial aspects related to the purchasing and inventory management in the organization, the most suitable model is the Multi Item model which is helpful in strengthening the financial aspects of the organization on the wide level. The sub models which are included in the Multi Item Model are the Flaccidities and the Multi Item Inventory Models which are helpful in providing the suitable strength to the financial aspects of the organization. The dixon model and the classical lot size model will be helpful in defining the suitable aspects related to the organization in all the possible ways (Mukharji, Israelit, Faelli, 2011). Apart from this, the forecasting and the prediction of the future aspects may be helpful in managing the financial aspects and the investment also reduces by using the forecasting model (Hyndman, 2016). The identification of the suitable forecasting model is defined below in an appropriate manner: - (Dobrzykowski Leuschner, 2015) In the defined scenario, while there is the requirement of suitable changes in the organization, the methods of forecasting will be helpful in solving the tedious situation in a well-organized way. By the forecasting methods, the future demands can be identified easily and can try to be solved out in the appropriate manner. By this, the inventory can also be managed in the appropriate manner and the control on the forecasting can easily be done in the right way (Zizler, 2007). Apart from this, the organization, i.e. Brisbane can also focus towards the other perspectives to increase the efficiency and reduce investment. The other aspects are the appropriate control and watch in the inventory management, controlling the excessive aspects related to the organization and the other processes is also controlled with the help of the stable process (McMann, 2011). Recommendations The restructuring of the existing structure is considered as a tedious task. The framing of the new structure is quite easy to form rather than changing the existing structure. For restructuring the inventory and the purchasing system in the organization, various aspects should also be taken into consideration (Addo-Tenkorang Helo, 2011). The major steps in the restructuring are defined below: - A suitable implementation of the supply chain management in the organization will be helpful in implementing the major growth aspects of the organization. In SCM, the suitable growth and strategic aspects are defined which are helpful in maintaining the sequence of the process. Due to the introduction of the SCM, the suitable products, services, finance and the appropriate information system can be developed. In the SCM process, the mapping, data gathering and categorization, analysis and validation, solution design and appropriate implementation plan can be introduced (Singla, 2008). The second phase is identified as the restructuring of policies and the procedures which are already followed in the organization. The suitable policies which can be introduced in the organization are making of the suitable inventory system in the organization, formation of the appropriate purchasing policies, forecasting, management of the orders and setting of the stable requirement by which the appropriate aspects related to the organization can be solved (Florence, 2014). Formation of the centralized system in managing the data in an appropriate way will be helpful in providing the assistance to the efficiency saving and the financial aspects of the organization. The solution to reduce investment and the requirement related to the space is identified. The appropriate performance level and the usage of the SCM level are helpful in providing the ERP packaging system on an appropriate level (Urabe Tezuka, 2014). By following this three step process, it becomes easier to reconstruct the existing structure of the organization. Action Plan To solve the major issues and problems related to the organization, the suitable action plan will be developed which will further help in improving the aspects related to the organization and the inventory purchasing management aspects related to it. There are various steps defined in the action plan defined below: - Step 1: The major cause and reason for the issues related to the inventory and purchasing management needs to be identified. Step 2: The suitable strategy or planning for the restructuring of the existing structure can also be done, by which the modification can be prepared (Tan Platts, 2005). Step 3: The appropriate ideas and the brainstorming aspects may also be generated with the help of the stable process. Step 4: The best solution for the appropriate modification are selected. Step 5: Finally, the suitable evaluation of process is done, which is helpful in providing the appropriate results and feedback (Schell, 1991). By using this action plan, the appropriate results can be generated easily. References Bottani, E. (2016). Supply Chain and Inventory Management. International Journal of Supply Chain and Inventory Management. Retrieved from https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijscim Addo-Tenkorang, R., Helo, P. (2011, October). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): A Review Literature Report. Journal Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, 2, 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2011/WCECS2011_pp1126-1134.pdf Aksoy, Y., Erenguc, S. (1988). Multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Item Inventory Models with Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ordinated Replenishments: A Survey. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 8(1), 63 - 73. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/eb054814 Bottani, E. (2016). Supply Chain and Inventory Management. International Journal of Supply Chain and Inventory Management. Retrieved from https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijscim Dobrzykowski, D., Leuschner, R. (2015, October 01). Examining Absorptive Capacity in Supply Chains: Linking Responsive Strategy and Firm Performance. Journal of supply chain management, 51(4), 3-28. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jscm.12085/full Dominick, C. (2016). Purchasing Inventory Management Hook Up! Purchasing Inventory Management Hook Up! Retrieved from https://www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/purchasing-and-inventory-management.php Engel, B. (2011, March). 10 best practices you should be doing now. 10 best practices you should be doing now. Retrieved from https://www.supplychainquarterly.com/topics/Procurement/scq201101bestpractices/ Florence, N. (2014, June 03). How to Write an Action Plan to Achieve Success and Productivity. How to Write an Action Plan to Achieve Success and Productivity. Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/how-to-write-an-action-plan/ Gonzalez-Loureiro, M., Dabic, M. (2015). Supply chain management as the key to a firms strategy in the global marketplace: Trends and research agenda. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 45(1/2), 159 - 181. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/IJPDLM-05-2013-0124?journalCode=ijpdlm Hadley, G., Whitin, T. (2007). A review of alternative approaches to inventory theory. RAND Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2007/RM4185.pdf Hamlett, K. (2015). The Advantages of Inventory Control. The Advantages of Inventory Control. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-inventory-control-2228.html Hyndman, R. (2016). Forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 32(4), 1103-1402. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-forecasting/ McMann, G. (2011, July). Supply Chain Restructuring: Considerations for Change. The journal of healthcare, 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.jhconline.com/supply-chain-restructuring-considerations-for-change.html Mukharji, P., Israelit, S., Faelli, F. (2011, July 06). Ten ways to improve inventory management. Ten ways to improve inventory management. Retrieved from https://www.bain.com/publications/articles/ten-ways-to-improve-your-inventory-management-wsj.aspx Schell, C. (1991). Leadership Organization Development . Leadership Organization Development Journal, 12(1), 28 - 32. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/01437739110139434 Singla, A. (2008). Impact of ERP systems on small and mid sized public centre enterprises. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology , 4(2), 1-13. Retrieved from https://www.jatit.org/volumes/research-papers/Vol4No2/Enterprise%20Resource%20Planning%20(ERP),%20ERP%20impact,%20ERP%20Design%20and%20Implementation,.pdf Tan, K., Platts, K. (2005). Business Process Management. Business Process Management Journal, 11(2), 137 - 157. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/14637150510591147 Urabe, S., Tezuka, M. (2014). Best Practice for Inventory Optimization based on a Restructuring of the Organization, its Functions, and its Information Systems. IIEOM. Retrieved from https://iieom.org/ieom2014/pdfs/369.pdf Ziukov, S. (2015). A literature review on models of inventory management under uncertainty. Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University. Retrieved from https://www.mruni.eu/upload/iblock/019/VSE-15-5-1-03.pdf Zizler, M. (2007). Introduction Theory of Inventory Control. University of Regensburg. Retrieved from https://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_II/forschung/morgenstern/Skript4.pdf

Religious Thought in World Perspective First Traditions free essay sample

A discussion on the way in which primal religions began and their belief structures were formed. The following paper discusses how primal religions are often misunderstood as history is often passed down orally due to no existence of written records. This paper examines how the written texts of the Bible, Torah, and Quran, over time, created a more literate society and helped to broaden the scope and area these religions now influence. The paper continues to discuss how religions today are followed, even into the Internet. When studying the Primal religions, it is imperative to remember that there was no written log of their beliefs. Their rights and rituals were passed down from generation to generation. Those selected within the population as the holy one; or mediator who could interact with the god or gods were the ones to pass down the oral traditions. As anyone today knows, if youve ever played the game ;telephone the message can be distorted as it is passed from person to person. We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Thought in World Perspective: First Traditions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The histories we have to read today are only the last version of the original story. Perhaps many were not corrupted and we are hearing the same that was told eons ago; but there is the possibility that what we are reading is far from the original.

Selection of Quotes by Seretse Khama

Selection of Quotes by Seretse Khama I think that the trouble we now face in the world is caused mainly by the refusal to try and see another man’s point of view, to try and persuade by example - and the refusal to meet a rather passionate desire to impose your own will upon others, either by force or other means.Seretse Khama, first president of Botswana, from a speech given in Blantyre in July 1967. It should now be our intention to try to retrieve what we can of our past. We should write our own history books to prove that we did have a past, and that it was a past that was just as worth writing and learning about as any other. We must do this for the simple reason that a nation without a past is a lost nation, and a people without a past is a people without a soul.Seretse Khama, first president of Botswana, speech at the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, 15 May 1970, as quoted in the Botswana Daily News, 19 May 1970. Botswana is a poor country and at present is unable to stand on its own feet and develop its recourses without assistance from its friends.Seretse Khama, first president of Botswana, from his first public speech as president, 6 October 1966. We are convinced that there is justification for all the races that have been brought together in this part of Africa, by the circumstances of history, to live together in peace and harmony, for they have no other home but Southern Africa. Here we will have to learn how to share aspirations and hopes as one people, united by a common belief in the unity of the human race. Here rests our past, our present, and, most importantly of all, our future.Seretse Khama, first president of Botswana, speech at the national stadium on the 10th anniversary of independence in 1976. As quoted in Thomas Tlou, Neil Parsons and Willie Hendersons Seretse Khama 1921-80, Macmillan 1995. [W]e Batswana are not desperate beggars...Seretse Khama, first president of Botswana, from his first public speech as president, 6 October 1966. [D]emocracy, like a little plant, does not grow or develop on its own. If must be nursed and nurtured if it is to grow and flourish. It must be believed in and practiced if it is to be appreciated. And it must be fought for and defended if it is to survive.Seretse Khama, first president of Botswana, speech given at the opening of the fifth session of Botswanas third National Assembly in November 1978. Lefatshe ke kereke yame. Go dira molemo tumelo yame.The world is my church. To do good my religionInscription to be found on Seretse Khamas grave.

More Answers to Questions About Commas #2

More Answers to Questions About Commas #2 More Answers to Questions About Commas #2 More Answers to Questions About Commas #2 By Mark Nichol Here are three recent questions from readers about the use of commas, along with my responses. 1. Can you tell me why there should be a comma in this sentence: â€Å"Such programs will also reduce operations costs and indemnity payments, and improve communications between employer and employee.† It seems like there shouldn’t be, because these aren’t two independent clauses. It’s common for writers to insert a comma before a conjunction in a sentence when the conjunction does not begin a new clause but the phrases before and after it include their own conjunctions. This effort to make the sentence’s organization more obvious is not wrong, but it’s unnecessary. The sentence structure becomes clearer if the first verb, the one that’s overworked in its efforts to support the entire sentence, is relieved by being repeated in a parallel position after the major conjunction: â€Å"Such programs will also reduce operations costs and indemnity payments and will improve communications between employer and employee.† 2. I saw this sentence in one of your posts lately: â€Å"It enables individuals and groups to meet online to collaborate, and to share presentations, applications, or their entire desktop, while increasing reliability and security and reducing costs.† Why is there a comma after collaborate? The first comma in this sentence does not have the same function as the extraneous one in the previous example. It is the first in a pair of commas that mark a parenthetical. The phrase â€Å"and to share presentations, applications, or their entire desktop† may be omitted from the sentence, and the remaining statement will still be grammatically sound. 3. In â€Å"Our vision statement is a succinct way of explaining our purpose to others, be it our own staff, our residents or community clients or the wider public,† the two ors make it clunky to me. The or between â€Å"our residents† and â€Å"community clients† signals that the sentence is about to end, and then theres another or! Should I have a comma in there somewhere? If your style calls for serial commas (â€Å"a, b, and c†), insert a comma after clients: â€Å"Our vision statement is a succinct way of explaining our purpose to others, be it our own staff, our residents or community clients, or the wider public.† If not (â€Å"a, b and c†), leave it as is. However, if that solution seems clumsy to you (I don’t find the final or confusing), separate â€Å"our residents or community clients† into two items: â€Å"Our vision statement is a succinct way of explaining our purpose to others, be it our own staff, our residents, our community clients or the wider public.† (Insert a comma after clients, or don’t, depending on whether you insert or omit serial commas.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightHang, Hung, HangedOne Scissor?

How Not Meeting The Assumptions Of The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Aid In Term Paper

How Not Meeting The Assumptions Of The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Aid In Evolution - Term Paper Example 298). The Hardy-Weinberg model is applicable to the context of populations of diploid, sexually reproducing individuals (Andrews 65). For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, certain assumptions must be met. Andrews, Hartl and Clark and Hillis et al. comprehensively described and summarized the following assumptions, 1. Natural selection is not acting on the locus in question, indicating that there is no differential selection among genotypes. Individuals with different genotypes have equal probabilities of survival and equal rates of reproduction. 4. Population size is infinitely large, which means that genetic drift is not causing random changes in allele frequencies due to sampling error from one generation to the next. As all natural populations are finite and they are subject to drift. However the effects of drift are more pronounced in small than in large populations. where, p2, 2pq and q2 are the expected frequencies of genotypes AA, Aa and aa in zygotes of any generation, p and q are the allele frequencies of A and a in gametes of the previous generation of the population (Hartl and Clark 75). As there are only two alleles at a locus, p + q=1. â€Å"The Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies, p2 + 2pq + q2, represent the binomial expansion of (p + q) 2, and also sum to one†. (Andrews 65) â€Å"In case of loci with more than two alleles, it is possible to apply the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, in which case the expected genotype frequencies are given by the multinomial expansion for all k alleles segregating in the population: (p1 + p2 + p3 + . . . + pk)2†. (Andrews 65) Fig. 2- â€Å"Generation I of this population consists of migrants from several other populations, thus violating the Hardy-Weinberg assumption of no migration. Notably, the generation I has more homozygous individuals and fewer heterozygous individuals than would be expected under

Development Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development Administration - Essay Example In foreign policy, Neoliberalism is a proponent of the opening of foreign markets via political means, through diplomatic means, economic pressure and if needed be, then military might as well. In this context, opening of markets implies free trade and international division of labor. Neoliberalists mostly favor multilateral political pressure through various international organizations and treaty devices such as the WTO, the World Bank and the African Development bank. It promotes reducing the role of national governments to negligible. It encourages privatization over direct government involvement and evaluates success in the overall economic gain. To build on efficiency and increase employment, it works to reject and alleviate labor policies such as minimum wage and overall bargaining rights. It is a vehement opponent of socialism, protectionism, fair trade and according to some critics it is a major obstacle to democratic rule. Similarly these critics argue that labor rights and social justice should be prioritized over international relations and economics. In the United States neo-liberalism has been linked with positions that support free trade and welfare reform. It does not oppose Keynesianism and environmentalism in these areas. In the American context, for instance Brad DeLong is a very avid defender of Neoliberalism, despite being a Keynesian, someone who has constantly supported income redistribution and also a fierce critic of the Bush Administration. It is also colinked with the Third Way aka social democracy under the New Public Management movement. Those supporting the US Version of Neo-liberalism put it forward as a pragmatic position that focuses on what works and what doesn’t work. The concept emerged during the 1980s as an alternative to the famous interventionist approach of the Democratic Party and the anti-government Pro Business approach of the Republican Party. Charlie Peters, Robert Reich, Lester Thuron, Gary Hart, Paul

Languages in Cyberspace Essay Example for Free

Languages in Cyberspace Essay Governments have encourage industrial farming and non-organic meat production to improve the crop yield and revenues. However, studies have shown the side effects and health hazards of industrial farming and meat processing. A distinct cultivation of a health-conscious culture became apparent as time goes by which resulted to an increase in sales of organic vegetables and meat in the world. Hence, the sales and marketing of organic products is influenced by the culture or trend that exist in the market. Muslims are known for faithfully abiding with their religious beliefs and practices. When it comes in meat, Muslims only consume meat from slaughtered animals through the Halal way. Three times more blood is pumped out of Halal-slaughtered animals than those butchered in non-Halal way. Hence, lesser toxins are consumed by Muslims since most toxins are stored in the blood. With the introduction of organic aspect, an animal is not pumped with antibiotics and hormones or additives that would increase the toxicity its blood. Hence, Muslims are drawn to organic meat because of its inclination towards their religious belief in meat intake thereby creating an outward effect to the sales and marketing of organic meat. Language is a way of communication of thoughts, messages and feelings. In the global market, one barrier that must crossed by companies to reach out to their market is language. Without the right tools and strategies to cross this barrier, marketing a product will be difficult. A Firm must find a way to communicate and introduce a product in a language known by its market, otherwise, awareness and recognition of the product will not be achieved. This does not apply in the organic meat industry alone but to all industries and businesses. Marketing have evolved with technology through the years and e-commerce was introduced and adopted by most businesses. The worldwide web has a broader scope and the interaction with the customer is direct. In marketing organic meat products, e-commerce is the best way to reach out to its customers directly. It is also the cheapest way to market and promote a product. Longcloud should develop its website in languages other than English to cross the communication barrier that language created. If Longcloud develops a website with different languages, the scope of its accessibility and comprehension will be broader and more comprehensive. It will open the gates for the development of new markets in different countries. Moreover, with this strategic undertaking, the company will be globally competitive and accessible. The power of information technology can promote and increase the sales and distribution of organic meat worldwide. In choosing the languages to translate and include in the website, there are several aspects to consider and these are the opportunities, scope and target market definition. The companys website must be available in Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), French and Spanish languages. Most Muslims speak Arabic and it was clearly identified that Muslims are one Longclouds target markets and about 150 million people speak this language. Chinese, specifically, Mandarin language should also be available to reach 1365 million people who have developed a fondness for organic meat products. Moreover, the growth of the organic meat industry in French-speaking countries like France, Canada, North Africa and Switzerland should also be considered. 23% of the current Internet users are from Europe which include some of these countries. Although only 2% can be accounted for the Spanish-speaking Internet users, a considerable target market was defined and identified in the Latin America. There several threats and disadvantages that must also be considered in making the website available in different languages like the uneven percentages of the target market with Internet access. However, with the growth of technology, many countries have relied in the use of Internet and it has become a household need. Moreover, although some people are accustomed to using English for conducting business, it must also be noted that, English literacy only accounts for about 50% share globally. Software complexities must also be considered, however, software upgrades and development are done continuously to address these problems.

Student Protest :: Student Smoking

For years it has been a hot topic. What can students do and what can they not do? What is considered going to far? For many this is a question that has no true and legal answer. To many students, that is. In fact I happen to be one of the many. Now it would be wrong for me to write this paper and not put in my â€Å"two sense†. In my opinion this student protest bullshit has no limit. Students should not be restricted to what they can and cannot do. They like everyone else are American citizens and should not have their rights as American citizens stripped from them when they enter a building teaching them all about the rights they possess. To me that is the very hypocritical. To teach one thing, and practice another! I mean come on doesn’t that come a cross as more than a tad bit wrong. There are a number of court cases that cover the matter of student protest. Like always though I choose not to follow the norm, if you will. I would much rather take you on a trip through my mind and my opinions. As for student protest I am all for it. I would take it to the highest degree if it has to go that far. I see school as a place to come and socialize. The stuff that is taught is all boring to me. It always seems as if I already know what is going to be said. So what is the point? To go and get a diploma that in all actuality is nothing but a piece of paper that could easily be made by me. Perhaps that is why I get myself in so much trouble here. I am not the only one students just get bored and try to heighten the learning experience. Try to make it more fun for everyone. Even though there may be those who don’t quite comprehend what is going on, they still enjoy the laughter. Who knows maybe they even learn a thing or two from the student that the obviously more intelligent teacher couldn’t get them to understand. I am not saying that the student is smarter than the teacher but in some cases the yelling and screaming of a teacher to get through can be substituted by t he subtle sarcasm of the student.

Paper on ICD-9-CM, Essay

The International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), is used in assigning codes to diagnoses associated with inpatient, outpatient, and physician office utilization in the U.S. Volume 1: The numeric listing of diseases, classified by etiology and anatomical system, as well as a classification of other reasons for encounters and causes of injury. This is called the tabular section of ICD-9-CM. Volume 1 is used by all health care providers and facilities. Volume 2: The alphabetic index used to locate the codes in Volume 1. Volume 2 is used by all health care providers and facilities Volume 3: A procedural classification with a tabular section and an index. This set of procedure codes is used only by hospitals to report services. Category I: Procedures that are consistent with contemporary medical practice and are widely performed. Category II: Supplementary tracking codes that can be used for performance measures. Category III: Temporary codes for emerging technology, services and procedures. It is important to become familiar with each category and how the codes will be used. It is also important to know when codes from another system, such as HCPCS Level II, are required. Category I codes are the five-digit numeric codes included in the main body of CPT. Category I is the section that coders usually identify with when talking about CPT. These codes represent procedures that are consistent with contemporary medical practice and are widely performed. Category I codes are updated annually and are broken down into six sections. 1. Evaluation and Management 2. Anesthesiology 3. Surgery 4. Radiology 5. Pathology and Laboratory 6. Medicine Evaluation and management codes are the most commonly billed codes in medicine. These are the codes for every office visit/encounter a physician has with a patient. V codes are used to describe encounters with circumstances other than disease or injury. V codes are used either as a first listed or contributing code depending on the situation. E codes are supplemental codes that capture the external cause of injury or poisoning, the intent and the place where the event occurred. E codes are intended to provide data for injury research and prevention strategies. E codes are never to be used as a primary diagnosis code. The HCPCS level II is a comprehensive and standardized coding system that describes classifications of like products that are medical in nature by category for the purpose of efficient claims processing. For each HCPCS code, there is a descriptive terminology that identifies a category of like items. These codes are used primarily for billing purposes. Level I, are based on and identical to CPT codes, the codes developed by the American Medical Association. Reference http://www.medicalbillingandcodingu.org/icd-9-cm-coding-overview/ http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/MedHCPCSGenInfo/index.html?redirect=/MedHCPCSGeninfo/

Effects of Christianity on Behaviour, Attitude and Lifestyle Essay

â€Å"There could be no such things as prison in a truly Christian society.† I think a truly Christian society is based on the life and teaching of Jesus, this means we must follow the 10 commandments and the gospel values. At the heart of Christian society there should be existence of love, forgiveness, mercy, justice to criminals. Jesus’ command was to â€Å"Love your God, Love your neighbour and Love yourself.† By obeying these commandments we are being Christ-like which is what the Christian society is all about. Forgiveness does not mean letting people walk all over you! But it is important. Christianity follows Jesus’ teaching in stressing that forgiveness is vital. It may be very hard, particularly for the victim of a crime. The Prodigal Son was a parable that showed forgiveness. The prison is the means to deliver the punishment, the denial of freedom. The convicted are imprisoned as a punishment, not for punishment. â€Å"Her Majesty’s Prison Service serves the public by keeping in custody those committed by the courts. Our duty is to look after them with humanity and help them lead law abiding and useful lives in custody and after release.† HM Prisons Service’s Mission Statement 1988. Three principles in prison craft: Security- to hold securely those sent to prison. Humanity- to treat prisoners with humanity, prisoners lose their liberty they should not lose their humanity. They are still human beings with the rights that their nature awards them. Assistance- to help make prisoners law abiding and give them useful lives. Prison can exist in a truly Christian society but not always, poor prison conditions do not lead to reform, they only serve to make prisoners worse. To become better people they need first and foremost their dignity, remember Jesus’ command to love self, this means having a good self-esteem. Prisoners have a right to feel safe, the opposite happened in Fletham Young Offenders Institution. March 2000, 19 year old Zahid Mubarek was beaten to death by his cellmate, Robert Stewart had a history of racist and violent behaviour. This evidence does not allow for fostering self-esteem or provide opportunities to rehabilitate. For prison to uphold Christian principles the reform of the offender is of paramount importance. Practical measures such as education, drink and drug therapy and counseling are required. There is evidence that education effects personal change in prisoners, not only through the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge, but also through fostering self-esteem and skills in communication. Mike Hart, Category A prisoner, killed a 20 year olds woman in an armed robbery. Whole in prison he become a born again Christian, and has worked on projects while inside to help young people be aware of what prison is really like in an attempt to turn young people away from the life of crime or potential crime. One such project, â€Å"Better Out than In† was a drama presentation re. The image of prisoners and prisons, depicting the harsh reality. How effective his work been, very difficult to assess but anecdotal evidence suggests that it is. There could and couldn’t be such things as prison in a truly Christian society, it depends on the type of prison and what happens in the prison as to whether prison has a place in a truly Christian society. For prisons to co-exist in a truly Christian society they need to have therapeutic regime employed to rehabilitate the offender rather than punitive one. Not many people can uphold the mission statement, so it needs to be looked at and improved in order to fit into a Christian society. If we look ahead Christians today can also help reform prisoners like the Howard Penal League, where prisoners where able to reform by their help. During the 19th Century Elizabeth Fry Quaker who was a Christian went to prison to help rehabilitate criminals.

Battle of Memphis in the Civil War

Battle of Memphis in the Civil War Battle of Memphis - Conflict: The Battle of Memphis occurred during the American Civil War. Battle of Memphis - Date: The Confederate fleet was destroyed on June 6, 1862. Fleets Commanders: Union Flag Officer Charles H. DavisColonel Charles Ellet5 ironclad gunboats, 6 rams Confederate James E. MontgomeryBrigadier General Jeff M. Thompson8 rams Battle of Memphis - Background: In early June 1862, Flag Officer Charles H. Davis moved down the Mississippi River with a squadron of consisting of the ironclad gunboats USS Benton, USS St. Louis, USS Cairo, USS Louisville, and USS Carondelet. Accompanying him were six rams commanded by Colonel Charles Ellet. Operating in support of the Union advance, Davis sought to eliminate the Confederate naval presence near Memphis, TN, opening the city to capture. In Memphis, Confederate troops manning the citys defenses prepared to withdraw south as Union forces had cut the rail links to the north and east. Battle of Memphis - Confederate Plans: As the soldiers departed, the commander of the Confederate River Defense Fleet, James E. Montgomery, began making plans to take his eight cottonclad rams south to Vicksburg. These plans quickly collapsed when he was notified that there was not enough coal in the city to fuel his ships for the voyage. Montgomery was also plagued by a disjointed command system within his fleet. While he technically commanded the fleet, each ship retained its pre-war captain who was empowered to act independently once they left port. This was compounded by the fact that the vessels gun crews were provided by the army and served under their own officers. On June 6, when the Federal fleet appeared above the city, Montgomery called a meeting of his captains to discuss their options. The group decided to stand and fight rather than scuttling their ships and fleeing. Approaching Memphis, Davis ordered his gunboats to form a line of battle across the river, with Ellets rams in the rear. Battle of Memphis - The Union Attacks: Opening fire on Montgomerys lightly armed rams, the Union gunboats fired for around fifteen minutes before Ellet and his brother Lt. Colonel Alfred Ellet moved through the line with the rams Queen of the West and Monarch. As Queen of the West struck CSS General Lovell, Ellet was wounded in the leg. With the battle engaged at close quarters, Davis closed and the fighting deteriorated into a wild melee. As the ships battled, the heavy Union ironclads made their presence felt and succeeded in sinking all but one of Montgomerys ships. Battle of Memphis - Aftermath: With the River Defense Fleet eliminated, Davis approached the city and demanded its surrender. This was agreed to and Col. Ellets son Charles was sent ashore to officially take possession of the city. The fall of Memphis opened the Mississippi River to Union shipping and warships as far south a Vicksburg, MS. For the remainder of the war, Memphis would serve as a principal Union supply base. In the fighting on June 6, Union casualties were limited to Col. Charles Ellet. The colonel later died of measles which he contracted while recovering from his wound. Precise Confederate casualties are not known but most likely numbered between 180-200. The destruction of the River Defense Fleet effectively eliminated any significant Confederate naval presence on the Mississippi.

How Sunscreen Works and What SPF Means

How Sunscreen Works and What SPF Means Sunscreen combines organic  and inorganic chemicals to filter the light from the sun so that less of it reaches the deeper layers of your skin. Like a screen door, some light penetrates, but not as much as if the door wasnt present. Sunblock, on the other hand, reflects or scatters the light away so that it doesnt reach the skin at all. The reflective particles in sunblocks usually consist of zinc oxide or titanium oxide. In the past, you could tell who was using a sunblock just by looking, because the sunblock whited out the skin. Not all modern sunblocks are visible because the oxide particles are smaller, though you can still find the traditional white zinc oxide. Sunscreens usually include sunblocks as part of their active ingredients. What Sunscreens Screen The portion of the sunlight that is filtered or blocked is ultraviolet radiation. There are three regions of ultraviolet light. UV-A penetrates deeply into the skin and can lead to cancer and premature skin aging.UV-B is involved in tanning and burning of your skin.UV-C is completely absorbed by the earths atmosphere. The organic molecules in sunscreen absorb the ultraviolet radiation and release it as heat. PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) absorbs UVBCinnamates absorb UVBBenzophenones absorb UVAAnthranilates absorb UVA and UVBEcamsules absorb UVA What SPF Means SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. Its a number that you can use to help determine how long you can stay in the sun before getting a sunburn. Since sunburns are caused by UV-B radiation, SPF does not indicate protection from UV-A, which can cause cancer and premature aging of the skin. Your skin has a natural SPF, partially determined by how much melanin  you have, or how darkly pigmented your skin is. The SPF is a multiplication factor. If you can stay out in the sun 15 minutes before burning, using a sunscreen with an SPF of 10 would allow you to resist the burn for 10 times longer or 150 minutes. Although the SPF only applies to UV-B, the labels of most products indicate if they offer broad-spectrum protection, which is some indication of whether or not they work against UV-A radiation. The particles in sunblock reflect both UV-A and UV-B.

Cessna 421 Cockpit Modernisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cessna 421 Cockpit Modernisation - Essay Example It uses geared Continental GTSIO-520-D engines. The gearing is such that the drive shaft drives through a set of reducing gears instead of being directly connected to the propeller. The 421 series was first produced in May 1967 followed by the 421A in 1968 which was redesigned in 1970 and sold as the 421B. The 421C came into service in 1975 replacing the earlier versions 421A and the 421B. The aircraft had wet wings, the absence of wing tip fuel tanks and landing gear which was changed from straight leg to a trailing-link design which was produced from 1981 onwards. Its production came to halt in 1985 after 1901 aircrafts had been delivered. The 421C is a light passenger transport aircraft which was approved on October 28, 1975. The aircraft is powered by two Continental GTSIO-520-Ls or Continental GTSIO-520-Ns which are turbocharged, fuel injected and geared six-cylinder horizontally opposed air-cooled piston engine that produce 375hp each. Some general characteristics of this aircr aft include a crew of one or two, a capacity of six passengers, and length of 11.09, wingspan of 12.53m, wing area of 19.97m2, empty weight of 4501 lb, height of 3.49m and a maximum takeoff weight of 3379kg. It has a maximum speed of 256 knots with a cruise speed of 240 knots and a range of 2755km. the service ceiling is 9,205 m and a rate of climb of 1940 ft/min. (Cessna 421 Golden Eagle: Cessna model 421C information manual. 1979) Aim The main objective here is to upgrade the existing avionics panel of the Cessna 421C to the Garmin G600 display in order to reap the benefits of this modern design. Some of these include improved situational awareness, pilot safety and workload reduction. The other objective is to introduce modern avionics to the display panel for the venerable Eagle to make it more modern and efficient. To achieve this, we will employ the G600 together with some other retrofits to come up with a cockpit that is not only modern but also perfect in operation. Addition ally, further improvement of the passenger In Flight Entertainment System is also conducted to bring it to modern levels of service. The upgraded panel offers much more capability and comfort to the pilot. With the space so created from the reduced clutter, the interior design is refurbished. It is fitted with new light gray lather seats, writing tables, refreshment center and a belted potty. Discussion Cessna 421C Cockpit Diagrams are shown here bellow. Before retrofitting Fig 1: Cessna 421 Cockpit before upgrade Source: http://sarasotaavionics.com/panel-gallery/cessna-421/ After retrofitting Source: http://sarasotaavionics.com/panel-gallery/cessna-421/ The cockpit of the Cessna 421 in figure 1 above has several instruments cluttered across the main display panel making it rather tedious to the pilot to work. Most instruments here are mechanical and thus time consuming to read and interpret. Some of these instruments include: a Comm. Dual King KTR 905, Nav Dual King KNR 630, MFD Av idyne EX500, King KLN- 90B Approach GPS, ADF Dual King KDM-805, and Transponder Dual King KXP-755. It also includes autopilot King KFC 250 with Flight Director and yaw. Other important features are the dampener, the HIS Dual Cessna 1000 and a fuel management system. For instance, the altimeter which measures the aircrafts barometric settings, the attitude indicator, the horizontal situation indicator, the gyroscopes, all engine and emergency equipment are all mounted in the basic T fashion. It is therefore my desire to retrofit this window to a modern digital panel by using the Garmin G600 display. With this upgrade, we expect a safer, easy to operate

Health Education Leaflet Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Education Leaflet Critique - Essay Example For this purpose some of these policies are based on providing relevant information to the health care individuals, such as nurses, doctors, pharmacists etc. Various modes of promoting health services and knowledge programs have been conducted by a range of community centers and hospitals over the past few years. Although, Verbal communication between a patient and a doctor can never be substituted by any other information channel, but through various studies it has been proven that informative leaflets and brochures provide a satisfactory increase in knowledge of the patient (Harvey & Plumridge; Hawkey &Hawkey, 1989). If the content of the leaflet is relevant then it has its own advantages over verbal communication between patient and doctors. For example, it can provide information on various perspectives of a disease or a treatment regimen in one or two pages. Furthermore, a leaflet or a brochure can be kept for future reference and easily remembered by the patient, if he is able to read the content once or twice (Secker, 1997; Bernier & Yasko, 1991; Dixon, 1992). Gal & Prigat (2005) argues about it, although the affectivity of leaflets in promoting health is undeniable, a variety of these leaflets still fail to provide relevant information to the target audience. This may be because a lay man reading such professionally written leaflets is unable to grasp the content or writing style (Payne et al.,2000). In the paper, critical appraisal of a leaflet will be discussed. The chosen Leaflet will be critically evaluated in context of its design, writing style, organization, illustrations, aim or purpose, information provided, and its ethical agenda. The leaflet that is chosen for this critical appraisal is about COPD that is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. It is the most common and chronic lung disease that results in narrowing of the airway (such as bronchi or bronchioles) and damage to the lungs (Barnes & Godfrey, 2000; Stockley, 2007). There are

Information Systems (Word Processing Assignment) Essay

Information Systems (Word Processing Assignment) - Essay Example Served with potato chips or substitute Safari fries for $1.49 Add a House salad or cup of soup for $4.99 - $10.99 Blue Mountain Chicken Sandwich - Tender grilled chicken breast, Cajun seasoned and topped with bacon, Swiss cheese, roasted red peppers and leaf lettuce. Served on a toasted bun with spicy Safari sauce and coleslaw. Add a House Salad or cup of soup for $4.99. - $12.99 Buffalo Fried Chicken Salad - Golden fried chicken tenders atop crisp greens, red cabbage, tomatoes, and carrots, in a chunky Blue cheese dressing. Garnished with crumbled Blue cheese and Buffalo sauce. - $13.99 Caribbean Coconut Shrimp - Tender shrimp rolled in fresh coconut and fried to a golden brown, served with sweet mango sauce, Caribbean rice and Napa veggies. Add a House salad or cup of soup for $4.99 - $18.99 Chicken Fried Chicken - Breaded chicken breast, lightly fried golden brown topped with country gravy and Napa vegetables. Served with red-skinned garlic mashed potatoes and Napa vegetables. Add a House salad or cup of soup for $4.99 - $16.99 Sparkling Volcano - Enough for 2 or more people! Giant rich chocolate brownie cake stacked up high, served warm with vanilla ice cream, fresh whipped cream, and topped with caramel and chocolate sauces. - $14.99 Selection of Beverages - Coke, Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, Sprite, Root Beer, Raspberry Iced Tea, Iced Tea, Hot Tea, Milk, Coffee, Natural Still or Sparkling Water, Lemonade, and Cranberry, Pineapple, or Orange juice. Prices

Effective Communication within the Workplace

Effective Communication within the Workplace Effective Communication within the Workplace In the fast-paced world that we live in, communication has become a way of life, especially within the business environment. From a managers point of view, communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Unfortunately, management at every level is experiencing increased tension and uncertainties from lack of communication within the workplace. Therefore, the need for new strategies such as listening preparations, which includes the mental, physical, and behavioral aspects required for communicating and listening effectively (Hybels Weaver II, 2007). Therefore, good communication skills in management are necessary for sufficient technical leadership within any organization. Throughout the next couple of paragraphs, I will be discussing different communication processes, some personal learning outcomes, as well as some learning outcomes from the Hybels and Weaver II Communicating Effectively textbook. First being able recognize how self-concept, defensive and supportive messages and behaviors create a positive or negative communication climate. For instance, giving employees positive reinforcement or feedback simply means telling them how they are doing at work which helps develop ones self-concept. However, there is also two-way feedback, which means taking feedback from employees. This means we need to be ready to listen to what others tell us without becoming defensive if it is not what we want to hear (McCoy, 2003). If managers approach this is technique of communication with open doors, it proves them with active listening skills that will provide a well-developed communication climate that will increase their own performance and/or the businesses p roductivity. Organizations have often thought that poor communication is the biggest barrier to organizational effectiveness. Therefore, the development of communication skills is very important for management to build and maintain an employees self-concept. By management sharing information with employees, it helps reduce any uncertainties about their jobs and futures, which also increases their well-being and perception of the work environment. Some strategies management uses to overcome some of these communication barriers and conflicts are, clearly defining the employees roles and responsibilities and actively listening to their concerns, which builds their personal communication skills and improves their communication competences. When employees and management have good business relationships and the feeling of equal empowerment and positive self-concepts are shared, it makes for a productive work atmosphere. Giving workers the opportunity to participate in the decision making process, that affect their jobs, is another way to build confidence between themselves and upper management. It is also important to show employees that they are valued, by praising their good work performance verbally, which maintains and develops their self-concept. The key to any productive business is effective communication yet there are billions of dollars wasted each year, due to poor communication, therefore it is favorable for both managers and employees to include this skill within the workplace, for an enjoyable, well-organized and productive work environment. Building communication skills and becoming active role models in the workplace can have a remarkable contribution to the success of businesses and the success of employees. Some objectives to becoming a better communicator are to make personal contacts, actively listen, be a clear communicator, show respect, and most of all make compromise an option. It is a proven fact that by improving communication skills throughout life it will make you more successful and productive within the workplace. Which simply means less stress and more rewards for both employees and companies. Moreover, you become a valued leader and your company becomes more successful, due to effective communication. It is important to remember that good communication skills require the use of critical thinking, which allows us to take control of our opinions and mind-set in order to make better judgments without jumping to conclusions, which can ultimately lead to conflicts. Therefore, the use of critical thinking skills and good communication skills provides us with the intellectual standards needed to ask questions about the certain situations that might otherwise be overlooked. With everything that we have studied during this class, I found that keeping an open mind and thinking outside the box is the easiest way to approach certain situations that require a special need for communication skills. Although, our communication skills will always change throughout our lives because of our constantly changing self-concept and perceptions (Hybels Weaver II, 2007), I have been using strategies like actively listening and proper assessments, as a way to achieve a flexible style effectively communicating. To me, good communication skills with a positive attitude open the doors to a successful career that is beneficial to any organization, but more importantly a way of knowing and understanding those around you. As mentioned earlier, recognizing personalities and self-concepts is very important within any organization. From a personal and a management viewpoint, the high expectations of communication skills within my career, has actually been very helpful with the development of many different skills. For instance, a strategy introduced a few years ago was going to help understand and recognize different personalities within the organization. The learning tool developed by Dr. Carl Gustav Jung, was actually going to help everyone understand each other to the point communication would not be an issue within the organization. The programs intent was to help treat people, as they needed to be treated, based on two of four colors, red being a director, blue being a relater, green being a thinker and yellow being one that socializes. They had each employee take the short quiz to determine their two personal colors, one being their primary color and the other being secondary. After I took my quiz, it determined that I was red over green, which meant that I was a director and a thinker. I really had my doubts about this program until I moved up into a management position, which required me to communicate at a much higher level. Knowing and understanding that each individual requires different forms of treatment and communication being the primary form, the use of this technique has given us the ability to determine what those individual needs may be. This learning technique has had a powerful impact on the communication within the company and even if someone has not taken this quiz, it provides a way to assess their personal communication competencies, by determining a set of colors that fits each individual. Although, the assessment/ judgment may not always be correct, it does provide a foundation for emotional in telligence development. Hybels, S., Weaver II, R. L. (2007). Communicating Effectively 8th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill. McCoy, J. (2003). Business Performance. Retrieved 3 26, 2010, from Employee Feedback How to Build Staff Moral and Grow Your Business: http://www.businessperform.com/articles/workplace-communication/employee_feedback.html

If This World Were Mine, by E. Lynn Harris :: Essays Papers

If This World Were Mine, by E. Lynn Harris In the hilarious â€Å"just keepin’ it real† style novel, If This World Were Mine, by E. Lynn Harris, a group of friends decide to start a journal club, like they did back in their college English class. This story is told by each and all takes place in the 90's around the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays. Sometimes it is easier to put your thoughts on paper rather than express them out loud. A group of college friends decides to restart their journal club called, If This World Were Mine. The group includes Yolanda, single, independent, and not looking for a man. She was once married, but her husband wanted to travel, while she was ready to be stable. Then there’s Dr. Leland Thompson, gay and single. Riley Woodson, the epidimy of beauty. She’s married to her college sweetheart Selwyn, who is also a member of the journal club, and they have a set of twins’, Ryan and Reginald. Dwight Leon Scott is also a member he is divorced and mad at the world. He was married to Kelli, a former member of the group. She left because Dwight wouldn’t. The group has monthly meetings where they eat, drink, and read and discuss their journals. Each member of the group always brings something to read to the meeting, but they never read what is really going on in their lives. Th ey all feel like they have to impress the other members, which defeats the whole purpose of the journal club. The climax of the story begins when Leland’s client, Taylor Wilson called and asked to have an emergency meeting. After Leland’s secretary scheduled the meeting and Taylor made it to the office, he began to tell Leland what was going on. At the same time Yolanda was in New York handling some business and also visiting John, her new guy friend. One day she went to John’s apartment on surprise and got a bigger surprise than she expected. While back in Chicago, Taylor was still talking with Leland about the man he saw that he had met back in the days when he was a family court judge. They had an affair and caused him to divorce his wife and leave his kids and career. Taylor told Leland about the man’s gray eyes which made Leland think about Yolanda’s new guy friend.

Patient Teaching Essay

Introduction: I have chosen breastfeeding as my teaching topic for this assignment. The specific clientà ¨le will be the new mother at between 2 and 7 days postpartum, newly discharged from hospital. As a community health nurse working with children and young families, I do initial postpartum visits at home. Breastfeeding is a very complex skill, natural, yet sometimes difficult to do. The client is often overwhelmed with information received in hospital, so sessions must be kept short, and made easy to understand. The area in which I work is multicultural. There is often a language barrier which further complicates teaching and learning. Finding a teachable moment is easy (London, p. 95). New mothers are eager for help in providing the best for their babies. Mothers whose babies refuse to latch onto the breast or who have an incorrect latch, may sometimes become very tense and stressed. It is important to remain calm and supportive during teaching. The client must be educated, not simply taught new skills (Rankin, p. 73). The newly acquired information will allow her to make her own decisions and to be the head of her own health care team. Assessment: I have been working with postpartum women for the past 6 years, and have 3 children of my own. I am able to use my own personal experiences with breastfeeding, my last having stopped only 2 years ago. I work well with my co-workers, I know that I cannot do it alone (London, p.51). We help each other every step of the way and have a good back-up system available in the community. These include lactation consultants, breastfeeding clinics, doctors, social workers and community agencies. The learner and her family are at the head of the team (London, p.47). They are usually very motivated to learn and ultimately want what is best for the baby. It is easier to form relationships with the client at home (London, p. 63). The environment is non-threatening to the learner and teacher. I can also learn a lot about the client by observing the home. I have had many clients tell me they were breastfeeding exclusively who had half empty bottles of formula on the kitchen counter. The assessment process begins on the telephone before the visit. All new mothers are contacted when they arrive home. All are offered a home visit, some refuse. By help of a detailed questionnaire, we know the problems to focus on before the visit. This is very helpful as we can be better prepared with the necessary tools. Many patients are â€Å"red flag† patients (Rankin, p. 160). Some speak very little English, have financial problems, are on welfare, or are single mothers. Culture and religion can influence teaching (London, p.296). It is impossible to generalize about one culture, so we must be careful to dig deeper when presented with a situation which may be affected by one’s background. The area I work in is multicultural. The women speak many languages and I often need to have a family member translate the teaching. This is sometimes quite challenging as I am not always sure that what is being translated is actually what I am saying! I try not to let my own beliefs get in the way of my patient care. I may not always agree with the decisions of others but always stay focused on the desired outcome. Some clients would prefer to breastfeed and others would prefer to bottle feed but are being influenced by family members. Support from family members generally improves the outcome (Stalling, p.163). The client will have an easier time adjusting to breastfeeding and will breastfeed for a longer period of time with family support. We need to make adjustments in our teaching based on each individuals views. (London, p. 303). We should never make assumptions about anything. Self-efficacy is a very important factor in learning to breastfeed. The learner who thinks she can do it, will be more successful. My department organizes a group that meets at the community center once a week. New mothers have a chance to meet each other and learn about breastfeeding. Using these role-models sometimes helps a woman with low self-efficacy learn to breastfeed (London, p.311). When I walk into a home, I can often tell within the first 10 minutes whether I will have to make a follow-up visit. At a typical visit I assess the baby and mother, help with breastfeeding if necessary and provide the mother with helpful information she will need in the first few months of the baby’s life. A typical visit lasts 1-2 hours. I usually provide printed material on the common breastfeeding problems to my clients. On the website WWW.Medela.com, there is very helpful information on breastfeeding in several languages. I use this site often to print out information on latching, sore nipples and engorgement. The information on the site is generally well written and edited. The vocabulary is easy enough to understand by most women. It is grammatically correct. There are no difficult or very technical terms. The subject in this paper is a mother of two who did not breastfeed her first child. She speaks English and works as a clerk in a drugstore. She has a university degree, so can easily understand information at the 12th grade level. Planning: The general goal of this teaching is for the client to be able to breastfeed in the proper manner and to understand the benefits of breastfeeding in order to prolong breastfeeding for as long as possible. The following are the specific objectives for this clientà ¨le. At the end of the session: The client will state at least 5 benefits of breastfeeding vs bottle feeding. The client will demonstrate 3 different breastfeeding positions one time each. The client will describe the treatments for engorgement and sore nipples. The client will list 3 resources for further information after the visit. The client will recognize and state 3 factors which indicate the baby is receiving sufficient milk from breastfeeding. Teaching tools used will be demonstration, discussion, and hand-outs. It is important to prioritize learning needs. There are some facts which are very interesting but which are not necessary for the client to know. (Rankin, p. 191 and 197). The breastfeeding mother does not need to know the physiology of the breast, but she does need to understand the relationship between frequent feedings and increased milk production. Content outline: Discussion of the benefits of breastfeeding. Discussion of the factors indicating that the baby is receiving sufficient milk. Observation of the client breastfeeding using 3 different positions. Demonstration of proper breastfeeding technique for each position as needed. Discussion of breast engorgement and sore nipples and their management. Discussion of resources for further information about breastfeeding and the assess the need for a follow-up visit. * The teaching is mostly done by discussion and demonstration. This is a good way to get continuous feedback from the client. It is also a good way to ensure that all the important material is not forgotten. Practice makes perfect. Adult learners need to be involved in the teaching (Rankin, p. 196) and want to apply what they learn right away. This is especially important with breastfeeding, as the new mother must be able to master it within a very short time. It is not always necessary to cover all the information with each client. Some are too overwhelmed with information already; others may already have the knowledge base and simply need help with latching. Implementation: I generally start teaching about breastfeeding immediately after having evaluated the client. I begin by discussion of the benefits of breastfeeding and the factors which indicate that the baby is receiving enough milk. Many women do not believe that they have enough milk and worry about the need to offer a supplement. It is important to explain this to them. If they do offer a supplement, their own milk supply may be reduced. Then, I assist the client at putting the baby to the breast using different positions as needed. I sometimes use a dummy breast to show the client the correct angle to use while feeding to ensure a proper latch. Visual aids sometimes help to make it seem more real. When that has been mastered, I continue with a discussion of the two most common problems found in the first weeks of breastfeeding, sore nipples and engorgement. I provide the client with written material on proper latching technique, sore nipple management and engorgement. Since these problems sometimes occur after a few days or weeks, it is helpful for the client to have this information in writing. I also provide an information sheet on the resources the client can use if she should need further help after the visit. I generally make a follow-up call one to three days after the visit and a follow-up visit as necessary. I sometimes refer the clients to the company Medela’s website, www.medela.com. This site provides helpful information on breastfeeding and the common associated problems. The computer is only a tool, however. It provides information, not education (London, p. 246). I remain available to my clients by telephone or by email at all times. Recording transcribed: (T=teacher, L=client) T: Did you breastfeed with your first child? L: No. I tried for about 3 days but gave up due to the pain. T: Did you receive any help? L: No. But it was less important to me then. I was ok with bottle feeding. T: Do you want to breastfeed Joshua? L: Yes. I will be taking a year off of work and would like to breastfeed him as long as possible. Many of my friends have had babies in the past years and all are breastfeeding. They make it look so easy. I decided to try harder this time. T: Joshua is 3 days old. How have you been feeding him? L: I tried to put him at the breast right after birth but he was too sleepy, and so was I. The first day he had a few bottles. Yesterday, I tried for the first time. I think it went ok but my nipples are very sore. I would like to learn how to breastfeed properly. T: Well, we can discuss a few things now and I can show you the proper technique for a few different positions when he wakes up. L: OK T: First of all, why do you want to breastfeed? L: Everyone is telling me that it is the best thing for my baby. T: They are right, but what do you think? L: I want to do what’s best for Joshua. T: Breast milk is definitely the best for babies. One of the best things about breastfeeding is that the milk is always ready. You don’t have any bottles to warm up or prepare, especially at 2:00 in the morning when you’re exhausted. Because it is available right away, you don’t have to make the baby wait. This will make it easier to calm him before he gets too agitated. It is also a great time to bond with the baby and will make Joshua feel more secure. Breast milk is the best thing for your baby. Do you know what colostrum is? L: Yes. I have been reading up on breastfeeding since I found out I was pregnant again. It is the yellow liquid that comes out before the milk comes in. I know that it helps to prevent jaundice. T: Yes that is true. It acts as a mild laxative to encourage the baby to pass his first stools of meconium. It can also help to prevent ear infections and allergies. It is very rich in nutrients and allergies. Did Julia have jaundice? L: No, she didn’t. T: Do you know of other benefits of breastfeeding? L: I know that breast milk is the perfect formula for babies with the exact right nutrients that they need. It keeps babies from becoming overweight. I also know that it can help me lose the baby fat that much quicker. T: That’s true. It can also save you money. The average cost of formula for 1year is about $1800, and that doesn’t include the bottles and other supplies. Breastfeeding requires you to eat about an extra 500 calories per day. This should cost, by comparison about $300 for the year. L: With all the expenses of a new baby, we can use that money for many other things. T: That’s for sure. L: Can breastfeeding keep me from getting pregnant again? T: No. It is not a sure form of contraception. Although it is relatively effective in the first 6 months if you breastfeed exclusively. Some women ovulate as early as 6 weeks postpartum even when breastfeeding. L: Good to know. T: Do you know how to tell if the baby is receiving enough milk? L: He will gain weight. T: Yes. That’s a very good sign in the long run. There are other things as well. He should have at least 3 urines today since he is 3 days old. Then, you should see one more each day until the sixth day. That means that on the 4th day, he should have at least 4, on the 5th day at least 5 and from the 6th day onwards, at least 6 per day. How many has he had today. L: So far he had 1 at 2:00 and another at 7:00. I don’t think that’s a problem. T: Good. We would also expect to see a few stools everyday. They should gradually change from the black meconium stools, to brown and then to yellow. Many breastfed babies have a stool with every feed, but some have only 1 or 2 per day. Both are normal. L: He has one almost every time he feeds. T: That’s great. He should also be satisfied between feeds. That means he would feed every 1 to 3 hours in the first few weeks and have some period in between when he sleeps or remains calm. You told me that he feeds about every 2.5 hours and usually sleeps in between, so it sounds like he is right on target. A baby who is too sleepy and needs to be woken up for feedings may also not be getting enough. Do you have any questions so far? L: No. I’m glad he’s getting enough milk and can’t wait to see if he’s gained weight. T: You mentioned that your nipples are very sore. Have you done anything for the pain? L: I am taking Advil and I was given some Lanolin ointment at the hospital. Do I need to wash it off before I feed the baby? T: No, it is harmless for the baby. The best way to avoid sore nipples is correct positioning at the breast. If you have sore nipples already, I will show you how to have Joshua latch on properly. Meanwhile, for the soreness, you should apply a small amount of your own breast milk on the nipples after each feeding. Then let it air dry as much as possible. After that, you can apply a bit of lanolin. Sometimes it helps to use different feeding positions during the day. L: The nurse at the hospital told me to let my breasts air dry, but that is not easy in the hospital. How often can I use the lanolin? T: You can use it 2-3 times per day. L: Ok. I will try that. T: Your milk has not come it yet, but should come in in the next few days. It usually comes in by the 3rd to 5th day. It is important to feed regularly to encourage your milk production and also to prevent engorgement. Do you know what engorgement is? L: Yes. I was very engorged about a week after Julia was born. T: Engorgement can be very painful and can make it impossible for the baby to latch on properly. (baby wakes up. L gets the baby) L: What should I do if I get engorged? T: Engorgement usually lasts only a few days. Some women just produce more milk than others. If you get engorged, it is important to continue feeding often. You can apply warm compresses and massage your breasts. If it is more severe, you may need to express a bit of milk for relief, which you can do manually or you may need to use a pump. A well-fitted supportive bra may help. L: I have bought a good bra, but haven’t worn it yet. I will send my husband out to buy a pump today. What kind do you recommend? T: It depends on how often you would like to use it. If you are planning to breastfeed all the time, then a manual pump may be enough. There are however, some inexpensive electrical pumps which you can buy for under $40. These may be easier and quicker to use. You can use them to relieve engorgement and to pump if you go out from time to time. L: My friend uses a Safety First pump which is electric. She bought it at Walmart for about $35 and says it works well. T: That’s probably a good choice for you too. Do you have access to the internet? L: Yes T: If you check out the site www.medela.com, you can find information about choosing a pump. If you pump to relieve engorgement, you should only pump for a few minutes. If you pump too much milk, you will only encourage more milk production. L: Thank you, I’ll check the site. Would you like to see how I feed him now? T: Sure. (L puts baby to the breast using cross cradle positioning. The baby does not take enough of the areola so L has pain.) T: He is not on properly. To release the suction, place your finger gently between his gums, like this. In order to get him to latch on well, you first need to make sure that you are comfortable since you will be breastfeeding so often. Use pillows to get yourself comfortable. Take your time and relax before you start. When you are ready, make sure the baby’s nose is facing the nipple. His head should be aligned with his body. Gently stroke his upper lip with your nipple. When he opens his mouth, pull him quickly towards you, so that he can take as much of the areola as possible. L: How do I know if he is taking enough? T: The most important cue is that you will have no pain. Generally the baby’s chin is touching the bottom of the breast, and there is a small space between his nose and your breast. Hold your baby close to you and support his head. There is no normal or standard way to breastfeed. If the baby is feeding well and you have no pain, it is working well. L: I don’t feel any pain now. T: Can you hear him swallow? L: Yes. T: Excellent. Then you are doing it very well. Notice how his body is aligned with his head, he is most comfortable that way. Look at his chin and his nose. See how they are positioned. You can see that he has opened his mouth very wide and is taking enough of the breast. Would you like me to show you how to hold him in some other positions? L: Yes. I would like to learn how to lie down to feed. It would be so much easier at night. T: That’s true. When you’re very tired, it’s a lot easier. The basics are the same. You want to ensure that the baby is facing you and that his body is aligned with his head. Make yourself comfortable. Use a pillow behind your back or between your knees if you need one. (L Demonstrates the technique.) T: That is very good. Are you comfortable? L: Yes, very. And no pain! T: Breastfeeding is not always as easy as some people make it seem. It takes practice. The beginning is a learning process for you and for the baby. Let me show you one more position that you may like to use. This is the football hold. It is easier to use when the baby is small like Joshua; but is sometimes more difficult later on. Hold him so that his legs and body are under your arm, like this. Then place your hand under his head and neck. If you’ve ever played football, that’s how a football is held. L: I don’t like that one. It is much easier the other way. T: Not everybody likes that position. You have to do what’s best for you and for your baby so use the position that’s most comfortable. (Baby weighed – lost 8.5% of birth weight) T: He lost a bit more weight. But that’s normal. Most breastfed babies lose 10% or more of their birth weight in the first few days. They usually regain their birth weight within 10 days. Do you remember how to tell if he is drinking enough? L: Yes. He should have at least 6 wet diapers every day after the 6th day and a couple of stools. He should also wake up alone to feed and sleep well between feedings. And of course, he should gain weight. T: Exactly. T: I will be returning to weigh Joshua again Wednesday (in 48 hrs). I will continue to follow him until he starts to gain some weight. If you need help before then, you can call the CLSC (community clinic) at the number I gave you earlier. As I told you earlier, there is a breastfeeding clinic every Thursday morning as well. At the clinics, there are nurses available to weight the baby and to help you more with breastfeeding. Here is some information on breastfeeding that we discussed today (pamphlets on latching, sore nipples and engorgement given). If you have any questions about them, let me know. Evaluation of learner: I always do a telephone follow-up within 1-3 days. This is very effective as the client will have had some time to process all the information (London, p.62). If necessary, a repeat visit will also be planned. Unfortunately I cannot always have the client do three separate demonstrations (London, p. 386) due to budget and time constraints. Discussion worked best with the subject in this paper. She was educated and was eager to learn proper techniques. She had self-efficacy, skills and knowledge – all important factors if changing behaviors (Rankin, p 292). She was alert and very interested in learning. She participated in the discussion. She was able to apply the information immediately during my visit. At the follow-up visit 2 days later, the client was doing very well. She was able to breastfeed without any pain or difficulty. We discussed engorgement again, a problem which had developed since my first visit. She explained what she had done to relieve the engorgement, which was how I had explained it to her. The â€Å"what if† scenario had worked .(London p.386) Evaluation of teacher: I could have done more assessment of the learner while I was teaching. I find myself being drawn into a routine with my teaching that is sometimes hard to get out of. Most of the teaching is very repetitive from one client to the next, however, each client learns in her own fashion. I try to keep the client interested in what I have to say. I encourage her and give her positive feedback. Sometimes I forget the goals of the session and get off track, or provide the client with unnecessary information. I find that using a checklist helps me to stay on the right track and to not omit anything important. Evaluation of resources: The handouts I usually give out to my clients on latching, engorgement and sore nipples, all score over 70% by the SAM test (Rankin, p.238), thus making them good resources. I provide this information to my clients to use as the situations arise. Although I explain the handouts to all my clients, not all women get engorged; for those that do, it usually happens after my visit. Having the handouts at home allows them to refer to the information as a reference when they need it most. Conclusion: The teaching session went very well. The client was intelligent, educated and eager to learn. Overall this teaching technique used for teaching breastfeeding works well with most of the clientà ¨le I see at home. Every person is unique and adjustments always need to be made accordingly. Bibliography: Forrest, S. (2004). Learning and teaching: The reciprocal link. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 35(2), 74-79. London, F. (1999). No time to teach? A nurse’s guide to patient and family education. New York: Lippincott. Medela (2007) Your Resource for breastfeeding products and information. [on-line]. Available: http://www.medela.com. Rankin, S.H., Stallings, K.D., & London, F. (2005). Patient education in health and illness (5th ed.). New York: Lippincott.

Star government

But with the government moving to reduce the countrys reliance on subsidies for uel, energy efficiency and sustainability are becoming important elements for businesses to look into as a means of controlling costs. The pump price of fuel was recently raised by 20 sen. As a result of this a hike in the cost of almost everything else Is expected to follow. The need for energy efficiency Is particularly telling for the small and medium enterprises (SME) given that they don't always have the economies of scale that larger corporauons do.The rising cost of energy will be a new challenge for SMEs In their quest to stay ahead of the curve in Increasingly competitive markets. Kenmart: Being energy efficient is not Just about cutting your cost of energy. It is also about being more productive in using your energy. â€Å"Looking at the current situation, SMEs will need to look at alternatives to differentiate themselves In the market. Energy efficiency is not Just hype. It will help them to b e more cost-competitive,† said Kristo Kenmart, head of industry business for Schneider Electric Industries (M) Sdn Bhd.The Schneider Electric Group Is a French multinational corporation that specialises in energy management. It currently has operations in more than 100 tOf3 wages are rising and the price of petrol has gone up. This means a significant increase in cost for SMEs,† Kenmart said. SMEs can reduce one of their main cost components by being energy efficient, he said. Energy has become one of the strategic factors driving business decisions and competitiveness. Businesses and consumers are increasingly considering the energy efficiency of the products and services they buy and use to yield maximum return on investment (ROI).Governments are also starting to see the importance of supporting the energy- efficiency agenda among SMEs. Schneider Electric offers solutions for companies in a wide range of industries. The Singapore government estimates that energy costs make up about 13% of the operating costs for the countrys manufacturing SMEs and it recently announced a S $17mil (RM42. 8mil) allocation to help SMEs assess, monitor and improve their energy efficiency. The goal of the initiative is to help some 300 SMEs achieve at least 10% savings in energy costs over the next three years.Australia has similarly rolled out an energy sustainability programme for SMEs. Malaysia has yet to announce its Energy Efficiency Master Plan and there is currently little effort in addressing energy efficiency in the SME sector. However, the Government has pledged to reduce Malaysia's carbon footprint by 40% by 2020. Kenmart believes that the current economic condition in Malaysia will accelerate the awareness energy efficiency and efforts to educate companies about the need for it. We have seen some clients looking seriously into it. The number of companies doing this is growing daily. But being energy efficient is not Just about cutting your cost of energy. It is also about being more productive in using your energy or getting more out of the energy that you are using,† he said. Schneider Electric offers various energy-efficiency solutions or clients across all industries to boost the productivity of energy through technology and processes.The adoption of energy-efficient solutions among SMEs here is in its infancy, which spells plenty of growth opportunities for Schneider Electric to further explore this segment of business. â€Å"There is still a lot of opportunity to develop the business here. Certainly there are many challenges. But we have also seen many successes as well,† he said. He acknowledges that among the main concerns for many companies in implementing energy-efficiency solutions is the cost of implementation nd the ROI period, which is understandable given their limited resources.Notably, there is no one-size-fits-all kind of solution as SMEs vary in size and operations. Schneider Electric has carved out spe cific solutions for the various types of SME outfits according to the industries they are in, such as data centres, manufacturing and service providers. But Kenmart assured that Schneider Electric has documented the typical benefits and ROI for companies embarking on such solutions. He says the company's solutions also often include proposals on how to fund the adoption of nergy efficiency.